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Upper Paleolithic (10,000 to 38,000 BC)

Tattoo instruments from this period have been found and typically these instruments consist of a disk made of clay and red ochre together with sharp bone needles that are inserted into holes in the top of the disk. The disk served as reservoir and source of pigment, and the needles were used to pierce the skin. Clay and stone figurines with engraved designs, which probably represent tattooing, have also been found.

Oetzi the Iceman tattoo information
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European Iceman Mummy

A Bronze Age tattooed man around 5,500 years old was found in October 1991 between Austria and Italy in the Tyrolean Alps. The Iceman, "Oetzi" is the oldest known human to have medicinal tattoos preserved upon his mummified skin.

(more info & images of Oetzi and his tattoos here)

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